How the situation of China's yew?
also known as yew yew, because it grows like fruit with red beans, which scribe attribution yew (Taxaceae) Taxus (Taxus), is a valuable tree species and Tertiary deposit of more than its material quality, texture, straight, compact structure, flexible, high mechanical strength, a gloss, a fragrance, rot-resistant, easy to crack the anti-Alice, does not contain resin, sapwood narrow pieces of yellow and white colors, purple heartwood dark brown (yew hence the name). Taxus species is a kind of ancient plant taxa, 11 species worldwide, located in the northern hemisphere temperate to tropical regions] from the yew geographical distribution, the United States, Canada, France, India, Myanmar and China, are distributed, but the largest reserves are in Asia, which accounted for the Chinese yew more than half of global reserves, while the Yunnan yew reserves is up of China. yews are evergreen trees or shrubs, is Hin Mu different strains, cross-pollinated plants, the ball took a small, solitary and axillary, the spring opening; male cone of a handle, the base has scales The capitulum, with stamens 6 to 14, shield-shaped, each stamen with anthers 4 to 9; female cones have a health ovules, discoid beads base care to care, the lower part of several pieces of bracts; ovule nuts like, spherical, was born in the red aril fleshy cup, the year King cooked.
Taxus plant species typical of the negative. often under the tree canopy in the first two, three, scattered , there are almost no pure forest, rarely mass distribution of its natural pattern of two-body update: ovule breeding and clonal propagation bud]. may be due to the distance from the species (the bulk was born in the forest) is not met or spent ( Hin Mu different strains, cross-pollination), so that pollination fertilization blocked, a small number of ovules birth place its ovule edible aril taste sweet, birds, animals feeding], so that fewer residual ovules the other hand , the ovule kinds of thick-skinned, in a deep sleep state, the natural state of the two winter and one summer in order to germinate], even if normal germination, seedling resistance to form the poor survival rate is very low. ovule apparently Taxus species by breeding, expanding populations, the strategy is to expand the living space does not work. In comparison, the survival rate is much higher reproductive bud, can well adapt to environmental changes, this pattern of asexual reproduction in the trick-body and space resources, benefit from the maternal supply adequate material and can have a significant amount of + mutual use of the whole (Intergration), but only on the spot to maintain populations of species can not expand, therefore, natural regeneration of Taxus plants weak. the above mentioned material life determine the characteristics and ecology of wild yew dispersion, limited and difficult development, which is the objective of its rare and endangered internal.
1958, the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI ) has established a selection from the plant's planned anti-cancer substances as 35,000 kinds of screening, one of the Western Pacific yew veneer was also sent to the NCI. After years of research, scientists from the Western Pacific yew veneer extract found in the paclitaxel and paclitaxel revealed through the promotion of polymerization, preventing microtubule depolymerization, thereby inhibiting cell division mechanism of a unique anti-cancer effect in 1992, paclitaxel (Taxol) received U.S. FDA new drug approval.
experts involved in the world to confirm, paclitaxel is the future development of the most promising anti-cancer drugone thing from the international market, using as raw materialspaclitaxel anti-cancer drugthe development of promising products, but the scarcity of resources has been a bottleneck restricting the production of paclitaxel medicine, due to sparse resources, yew, Taxol prices are up only last year, global sales of paclitaxel injection for more than 20 billion dollars, and in the international market, the price premium should succeed paclitaxel per kilogram up to 18 million dollars.
ago, Yunnan, near the small plain of the yew family's precious little is known about the value, in addition to know the soup can with its branches treatment of stomach, but then there are a lot of cutting, to trick it into 10 years do not rot the fine wooden floor of the support foot wooden fence and garden. to the mid-1990s, when China and the world for the development of medicinal value yew stage into clinical use, but worth a hundred times the Taxus facing a new catastrophe.
1992 year, a delegation made a special trip to the International Plant watershed in northwest Yunnan study azalea jungle , theft of yew specimens, after more than two years, Simao, Lijiang, Nujiang, Diqing, Xishuangbanna region specialized vendors buy yew veneer. plain forest close to the nearby home, do not ask what the bark use, can be sold only 3-5 yuan per kilogram, then the body violated dry food, hand ax, the mountains in droves looking for yew wood species, once found they swarm. first come knife ax in a tree, making each of the offerings: “This is a me!” could not wait to tear up the strip. too will tear strip its height disadvantage, simply cut down, the trunk and the bark on the branch of both tear strip naked, piled up a good network, shipped out in batches forest home. Some of the family out, overnight in the forest, burned campfire, take turns guarding, to prevent others to “pull the skin readily,” cut to stripping after dawn.
“sobbed the yew”
According to “South Weekend”, “plain people recently” reported: “In just six months of catastrophe, Yunlong nature reserves in China are illegal logging yew 92000, was stripped of the bark of 150,000 kg, more than 1,000 illegal logging of timber stand Mimi, yew veneer was stripped after a dead tree about 2 million square meters, valued at 10-13 billion dollars in losses, the the environment and no way to Kuiduo crushed, then it is difficult to find one in the Yunlong live fir … …
“skinned yew”
It counts 80% of our severe destruction of yew, if the 20th century, 80-90 years or more earlier, the market demand on attention yew, Taxus strict protection, early planting, that does not allow live for thousands of years of wild yews have been skinned alive, there is no way to restore the lead to the loss. “Until the people wake up too late, yew is running out. Abandoned the original trunk, is processed into all kinds of cups, dishes, plates and other tableware, crown to prevent cancer care to share, all the rage, while In the U.S., since 1992, the paclitaxel long boats worth of water each year, according to botanists first volume, the United States has an abundance of wild yew, but the law allows the United States imported from abroad paclitaxel, but it must not be allowed to deceive the yew in its domestic As the degree of development of Chinese yew and understanding the value of the lag on the legislation, since 1992, the world except the United States, Canada and a few outside the country, was a man of crushed wild yew reports continue to appear in various environmental websites and media on.
as yew taxol in only 0.001-0.002% per 1 kg of Taxol, yew veneer required 30 tons of resources on a limited amount of original yew can not meet market needs a lot of bark collection also brought the fight against sexual crush, endangered yew country has been logging ban, in order to obtain paclitaxel, are stepping up domestic production of raw material way, the establishment of large-scale intensive yew growing base of force in sight.
yew (If) also known as yew, evergreen trees, planted up to 25 meters, is the world's rare species, in China's Yunnan, Tibet, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hubei, Sichuan, Guangxi, Jiangxi Province, a small number of distribution.
Note:
This article is from www.econcare.com, homemade skin care. Please keep this link when you forward this article. Thanks!
0 comments:
Post a Comment