Chinese yew
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Chinese yew Taxus China is one of the yew, yew (genus Taxus mairei) is Quaternary Ice Age relict plant, the world's rare and endangered species, the Chinese yew is endemic to China, located in southern Gansu, southern Shaanxi, western Hubei, Sichuan, Central China more common in the mountains above 1000 meters in the upper part does not interfere with the environment, South China, prevalent in the South West 1500 to 3000 m mountain deciduous broad-leaved forest, as opposed to concentrated in the Hengduan Mountains and the mountains surrounding the Sichuan Basin, in northern Guangxi, Guizhou, eastern, southern Hunan, also distributed. China will focus its listed as a protected plant. directory
biological characteristics of morphological characteristics of the basic information to start editing the economic use of this paragraph
basic information
La Dingke name Taxaceae
Chinese yew Chinese Family Name Taxaceae
Latin genus name Enpcontent
Chinese genus Taxus
kinds of Chinese Name Chinese yew
scientific name (Taxus c Hello nensis (Pilger) Rehd.
alias yew, yew, fir and other indecent tone
Taxus species worldwide and 11 species, distributed to return in the Northern Hemisphere temperate regions of China origin to four species and one variety, namely, China yew, yew, Taxus, yew Tibet, south of the yew (variant). Introduced with Taxus, is the mid-90s of the 20th century came from the introduction of Canada, at the moment, Sichuan, Guangxi, resources and Lingui, Shandong and other places are cultivated.
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morphology
evergreen trees, 30m, trunk diameter up to 1m. leaves spiral, the base turned to two, bar. slightly curved, long 1-2.5cm, width 2-2.5mm, leaf margin slightly inflection, acuminate leaf side, there are two broad dorsal yellow-green or gray-green with holes, the pulse small bump on a dense, leaf margin green belt very kiln. Hin Mu different strains of male cones solitary and axillary; female cones ovules solitary flower flowers lateral axis minor axis of the Ministry of the top of the base of a disc-shaped aril. ovule flat oval, there are two edges, oval hilum, a cup of red aril, mature in September-November.
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biological properties
likes the climate was warm and rainy growing in the premises, for the typical negative species. often under the tree canopy in the second, three, scattered, there is almost no pure forest, but also Shaoshao mass distribution only in the acidic drainage outstanding gray brown, yellow, yellow brown on the outstanding growth of seedlings like shade, avoid drying its ovule species thick-skinned, in a deep sleep state, the state of nature through the winter and a summer talent sprouted two, weak natural regeneration. ovules reproductive use. embryo dormancy period is longer, after collecting the seeds of plants must be used at low temperatures laminated wet sand storage, spring planting, budding period may be extended to the second year. with pressure branch method also reproductive.
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economic use
Chinese yew, although widely distributed in the country, but less resource reserves are mainly used in medicine, indecent tours, and scientific research.
medical use
Chinese yew plants extract taxol and its derivatives is the world's best anti-cancer drugis one thing, with very high research value in use.
1971 from the United States of America Taxus paclitaxel put out, because yew extract (TAXOL PACLI TAXEL) has a unique anti-cancer mechanism of paclitaxel, the United States National Cancer Institute Dr. BRODER Taxol is the second doxorubicin, cisplatin after fifteen years is considered a good variety of cancer treatment, side effects of anticancer drugsnew smallobject. twenty years the eighties, the United States of America, Britain, Russia, South Korea, China, one after another In-depth research. the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 1992, approved for clinical use, the United States first used in the research and clinical medicine in the treatment of various cancer patients to take a significant clinical effect. The confirmed the efficacy of a variety of cancers, especially ovarian cancer, breast cancer treatment have been suffering from a successful, 33% cure rate, the effective rate of 75% paclitaxel into the world's best recognized cancer treatment drugs. from The general who has to take the risk of cancer in areas of new breakthrough so far in the future as well as to close off a long time, people in general do struggle with cancer, the most advantageous weapons can only be paclitaxel World Taxol is only about an annual output of 250kg on the market imbalance between supply and demand, the price is extremely expensive, per kg up to more than $ 200,000, so yew have “plant gold”.
paclitaxel from yew if the main roots, bark, stems and leaves to extract due to extraction process is more complicated, by the removal of liquid in the composition of chlorophyll is more of hard aspects, combined with investment in equipment in a large source of raw materials by a lack of regulation of paclitaxel touch of the extract in China's development later, twenty years beginning nineties due to the premise of the yew in natural growth rate is slow, poor regeneration, so a long time since the world is not yet large touch of red beans cedar raw material forest base.
indecent tour in handy
Chinese yew tree U.S. indecent generous, evergreen, fruit maturity matched the colors red and green intoxicated, can be widely used in water and soil conservation
hold, gardening indecent tours, etc., to improve the ecological environment of the new century, setting the device fine furnishings and beautiful mountains and trees, are often used in high-end garden green indecent reward.
Chinese yew research use
Chinese yew is the fourth century after the glaciers left behind the world's rare and endangered plants, the world's natural distribution a little, tied for the national key protected plants, In many ways, with a high scientific value.
other use
Chinese yew wood fine, bright red color, tough and durable, for the valuable timber tree species often used in the engraved produce high-grade furniture, handicrafts, etc.; wood decay, for civil engineering materials; ovules, 60% oil, with special research and development value.
south of the yew, evergreen trees, light gray bark , longitudinal growth of the sheet; bud scales blunt or slightly pointed top, or some of the places off base stored in the twig leaves 2, close to sickle-shaped, 1.5-4.5 cm long, to bring back the pulse rise without the nipple skin, or sometimes There are scattered, or holes in the vein with both sides adjacent one to the rise of several papillary skin, pores with different color, green lake, while the bandwidth and obvious. ovule inverted oval or long oval cylindrical, long 7 -8 mm, usually the upper part of a wider, born aril red fleshy cup in Nanjing and Shanghai are cultivated; distributed in the provinces south of the Yangtze River, as well as Henan and Shaanxi. ovule oil extraction; bark with a single Ning; wood materials for effectiveness. ovules reproductive use, it can be pressed sticks. Chinese name: south yew
Latin name: Taxus? c Hello nensis? var.mairei? Cheng? et? LK
another name: Taxus, beautiful yew, red Torreya, yew
Section: Taxaceae,
are: Taxus
Protection Class: Ⅰ level national key protected wild plants
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basic information on the distribution of morphological origin of life habits and ecological characteristics of habitat protection measures to protect the value of the status quo to start
south yew edit this paragraph
basic information
Species: southern yew
Scientific Name: Taxus c Hello nensis var.mairei Cheng et LK
alias: beautiful yew, red Torreya, yew
families and genera: Taxaceae, Taxus
protection: state Ⅰ class key protected wild plants (Administration Council August 4, 1999 approved)
south yew edit this paragraph
distribution of origin
produced in the Yangtze River in China Nam, Chang was born in 1000-1200m above sea level the following place of hills and woods, the scattered distribution mainly in Guiyang Huaxi, Wudang, Mizar, Xifeng. Anhui Province, mainly in Huangshan and Huangshan District Shimen Township area of Zhejiang Province Baishanzu national protected areas are also widely distributed, of which three groups of Qingyuan village to village scenery along Jingning up.
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morphological characteristics
south evergreen yew tree leaves spiral of life, arranged in two columns, the bar, slightly curved or almost sickle-shaped, 1-3 cm long, 2.5-3.5 cm wide (or seedlings sprouted more length of up to 4 cm wide and up to 5 mm), apex acuminate, the midrib raised above, have set them to bring in the pulse point of symmetry of the nipple, the nipple or simply no point, here are two holes with a yellow-green, the edge often is not anti-music, with a wide green edge. Hin Mu different strains of the ball flowers solitary and axillary; female cones of the Ministry of Ovules solitary lateral flowers short axis of the shaft top, disc-shaped base of care to aril. ovule obovate, slightly flat, micro-tip for two longitudinal ridges, born aril red meat in the cup.
evergreen yew tree, 20 meters, diameter 60 ~ 100mm. sprig alternate, leaves spiral of life, arranged in two, bar, slightly curved, 1 to 4.5 cm long, wide and 2 to 5 mm spherical nuts, fruit, aril, oval ovules. Hin Mu different strains, cross-pollination . flowering from March to June, the fruit of 9 to 11 months. scattered elevation of 500 to 3500 m was born in the mountain forests and dumping under the cliff in the spring, like wet cold climate, the general average temperature 11.2 ℃, annual precipitation is 487.9 mm about.
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habits
growth habit
south yew trees shade, like damp environment. hi warm and humid climate. natural growth in the valley, stream, slope humus-rich acidic soil, neutral soil, calcareous soil could grow. drought-resistant infertile, intolerant of low-lying water and few pests and diseases, slow growth, long life.
yew is China and Asia south to temperate-specific component of return, often in broad-leaved forest distribution hi born in the foothills of the hinterland more moisture. strong adaptability to climate, the annual average temperature 11-16 ℃, the lowest extreme of up to -11 ℃, damp-resistant and strong, requiring a higher fertility yellow, yellow brown soil (acidic, slightly acidic soil), resistant to moisture than the south compared with Taxus strong ability to sprout, a tree sprouting sprig common body, but slower growth than force.
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habitat and ecological characteristics
south of the yew China's return to the warm sub-component of the unique, often in broad-leaved forest distribution hi Born
southern foothills of the hinterland of the yew is more moisture. strong adaptability to climate, the average annual temperature of 11 -16 ℃, the lowest extreme of up to -11 ℃, damp-resistant and strong, requiring a higher fertility yellow, yellow brown soil (acidic, slightly acidic soil), resistant to moisture than the south with a strong yew seeds ability tree sprouting sprig common body, but slower growth than force.
shade-tolerant species, like damp environment. hi warm and humid climate. natural growth in the valley, stream, slope humus-rich acidic soil, neutral soil, calcareous soil could grow. intolerant of drought barren, intolerant of low-lying water and few pests and diseases, slow growth, long life.
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conservation value
south yew foliage rich, beautiful tree, mature ovule Thriving cute fruit suitable for decorative solitary plant in the garden corner, also in the building lobby or shady side of the junction of the plant, hill, lawn edges, pool, edge cluster planting woodlots. should be in the beautiful area in the lower trees and decorated with a variety of coniferous and deciduous tree species. foreign beans with Europa Island cedar works well for shaping hedges.
second class state protection south of the yew plant, precious for the good trees. the material strong and hard, hard into the ax, there are “thousands of fir Wan Shan, when not suffering from a red Torreya branches,” the saying goes. yellow sapwood color, blood-red heartwood, quality strong and hard, dense texture, the image of the United States is indecent, not Alice does not crack, corrosion-resistant and strong. for construction, furniture, interior decoration, vehicles, pencil-holders and other purposes. ovule oil content than high, piperazine citrate, negatively eating rare medicinal herbs.
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protection measures
more widely distributed south of the yew, mostly birds, to take spread with food, it is very isolated, sporadic because of the material is good. luster U.S. indecent, damage is more intense, and the primary is to stop the destruction of existing resources, while strengthening the breeding thing, indecent garden tours for the species cited, extended cultivation to achieve the goal of species survival. with ovules reproductive, ovules with dormant period, subject to cold stratification, talent emergence year. seedling growth more slowly.
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status
rare species. Guizhou Province in southern yew, although a wider distribution area, but the species in its area of distribution was scattered distribution, the number of rare species, if not
south yew be protected, there is danger in getting the state of damage.
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distribution
red beans located in south Lawrence, Feng Gang, Fanjingshan , Thunder Mountain, Weng'an, Chen-yuan, Tianzhu, Jinping, Liping and Libo and other places. China's Taiwan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, is also produced in this species unique to China's Tertiary relict plant, mode of origin in Guizhou Fanjingshan.
yew in the world with 11 species, distributed in the temperate northern hemisphere to areas of return, China has 400 species and 1 variety that Chinese yew, Taxus cuspidata, Taxus, south of the yew, yew, etc. Tibet, located in the northeast, south and southwest Sichuan mainly in Maoxian, Blackwater, Malcolm, Wenchuan, Luding, Kangding, Xichang, will be reasonable, rice and other areas prone.
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south yew reproductive
to select the appropriate choice of garden fertilizer loose in Rao or slightly acidic soil and excellent drainage land, preferably within the woodland or semi-shade Rao fat of the land. Shizujifei, raked, the entire stretch to be kind.
ovule ovules reproductive in October children mature, harvest after harvest time on the water and sand mixture (2:1 ratio of water and sediment). ovules will rub on the washboard, remove the ovule skin, wear sturdy meat and hard seed coat Select shade drying not water land, digging, and wet ratio of 1:2 mixture of sand stored in the pit the following year took out a net species in March, with 50 degrees of liquor and 40 ℃ warm water (1:1) soak for 20 minutes, fishing with a concentration of 0.05% after nine hundred twenty soaking 20 to 24 hours to break dormancy to improve germination rate. the end of March into the greenhouse germination, the temperature required 20 ~ 25 ℃, ovules to be a “grin”, they might demand.
furrow sowing and transplantation will be made of 1m width, length appropriate would be broadcast in Qinei ovule casing 2.5 cm, irrigated laminating. ovule budding demand can be covered with plastic film in the Qinei, spaced 20 cm plant spacing of 10 cm. generally 20 to 30 days to germination, when seedlings grow 3 to 4 leaves, the election cloudy thinning transplant, spaced 20 cm plant spacing of 10 cm. watering after planting, cultivating, weeding and promote long because of red beans fir grows slowly, afraid of light, shade the appropriate beneficial growth. generally when seedlings up to 10 to 15 cm, up to 20 cm, 2-year seedlings 50 to 90 cm, 4-year seedlings 1.5 to 2 meters.
pressure reproductive branches in May and June each year and a half children Cut woody branches for cuttings, seed tree selection 10 years old. 15 to 20 cm length, cut off the lower part of the twig, needles cut the horse hoof-shaped, on the ABT ABT 7 号 immersion, the concentration of 30 × 10-6 ~ 50 × 10-6, soak for 3 to 12 hours will be followed by cuttings inserted in the matrix of sand on the seedbed. seedbed requirements 1 meter wide, the length of suitable pressure branches 3 to 5 cm depth. row spacing 10cm × 8cm, then the fountain. seedbed on the scaffolding, shrouded with plastic sheeting, fountain 2 to 3 times daily, half a second after the fountain daily. Wen general maintain the 20 ~ 30 ℃, good strong light radiation, 30 to 40 days to take root in this period, can be sprayed with brassinolide and other foliage head, and promote growth.
When the seedlings take root, the delicate management to promote flourishing, and appropriate air and light hardening, an increase of resistance. hardening can be transplanted after the big seedbed.
seedlings generally grow in beds 2 to 3 years, each time spraying auxin, careful management of the first leaf, when 50 to 100 cm height can be planted into a piece of mountain forests. planting time is late fall or the spring can be, spacing can be 3 m × 4 m, also in the streets, parks, for not Ya reward tree planting.
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cultivated
1. selected to fertilization
choose loose, humus-rich, neutral or slightly acidic broad flat highland mountains, deep valleys on both sides of the stream of moist brown, dark brown as well. deep plowing, leveling, according to the spacing of 0.4 m × 1.0 m or 0.4 m × 0.4 Michelangelo hole, hole depth 40 cm, preparation plant.
2. Reproductive essentials
accepted ovules reproductive and reproductive pressure branch to the main transplanting seedlings.
(1) ovule nursery
① seed germination of plants collected 10 months late, dark red fruit was harvested when picking ovule which is a physiological ripening ovule, need to go through a budding talent in the wet sand storage Often the adoption of change outside the natural stratification of the wet sand Tibetan ovules treatment to improve the budding rate.
② choose garden soil preparation. usually under local conditions, transplanting seedlings in the pine trees better Choose the canopy density at 0.6 ~ 0.7 and no pest slash pine or pine forest land for the nursery, requiring steep, upper deep, drainage outstanding in August and September children will clear the forest and shrub removal of weeds, clean up the ladder to rectify horizontal surface, deep dug 20 to 30 cm, in November turned small children light rake. soil preparation, composting facilities into the basal 40 to 60 bear / mu (1 mu = 1 / 15 ha, the same below), sub car for bed, bed height 15 20 cm wide and 1.2 m, after leveling hand side of the wood with a 15 cm wide trench planting extrusion, deep 2 cm interval of 20 cm planting trench.
garden nursery selection and choice of fertilizer soil deep, loose, rich in organic matter, drainage outstanding, from western exposure of rice is appropriate (must be excised when the paddy soil.) excised in rice in soil preparation, the soil is dry after deep plowing once a pulverizer and then, sub-compartment do bed bed width of 1.5 meters (1.2 m wide bed net, trail width 0.3 m); bed height 20 cm, depending on the length of nursery seedbed may be in preparation to do the same bed, per acre into the decomposition The pig dung 8000 kg, 200 kg of instant high-quality fertilizer, and mix six to eight pounds of carbofuran control soil pests in the soil and fertilizer mix leveling turn hand side, in the yellow car to fill the surface of the heart soil, thickness 5 cm.
③ seasonal planting, normally in early spring sowing. ovule after storage for one year, 30% of ovules gap is highlighted, timely weed out the ovule, on 0.2% of the high manganese potassium solution sterilized for 10 minutes, then rinse with water, dry out the water in the trench after proportioned to broadcast. drilling mainly particles from 5 to 7 centimeters can also be accepted sow. after sowing, digging under the pine trees with There are mycorrhizal and sifting the yellow loam enveloped the ovule, ovule seen as the degree of thickness. Note that shade the seedling stage, shrouded in straw when sowing the soil is suitable for but not seedling shade structures, light transmission of 60% after planting Shop moss Child Sexual Abuse to protect the seedbed from sun and rain, and keep the soil loose and moist. ovule germination rate above 70%.
broadcast and drill seeding points are two: to sow the ovule is symmetrically sown in the seedbed on yellow subsoil filled with yellow subsoil enveloped the ovule, the ovule but not for the degree, then moss will be fully enveloped seedbed. drilling is 15 cm wide selection of wood, filled yellow subsoil in the seedbed pressure on the seed trench, deep 2 cm, the interval between planting trench 15-20 cm. ovule symmetry will be planted in the trench, and covered with yellow subsoil types, thickness 1 cm, and then enveloped planting moss ditch.
should be noted: First, the strict control of seeding, with the kind of 15 kilograms per mu, or will pass stress affect germination rate biennial seedlings; Second, after sowing, sowing the seedbed must be fully shrouded with moss, as long as the drilling moss shrouded planting trench. seedling, it does not want to moss thrown off, keep it in the seedbed. moss strengths of Child Sexual Abuse: Protection from rain splash hit seedbed and direct sunlight, so that seedlings from the sun burns and avoid stems, James leaves the formation of mud mud sticks and choked to death, and keep the soil loose, moist, reduce labor cultivating, weeding, but enveloped in moss to be thin, not too thick, in case of drought does not rain, moss can be used to suppress fine loess, or spray fountain to keep the seedbed moist.
⑵ pressure branch nursery
the trees bud dormancy period, select the sand, sawdust, pearl rock pressure mixing matrix for the soil sticks Choose 1 to 4 years old in lignification real branches, cut the cuttings of 10 cm, 15 cm or 30 cm long pieces, when the requirements in the pruning cut smooth, ear-shaped incision horse, 2 / 3 of the following to the leaves. Choose agents such as ATP, ABT, NAA, IBAA pressure after cutting and other processing branches, covering film, pressure branches generally more than 85% survival rate. seedling attention to insulation, to build a low shed shade. transplanting the following year.
5-6 year Cut half of the year month child lignified branches for cuttings, seed tree selection 10 years old. 15 to 20 cm length, cut off the lower part of the twig, needle-shaped cut into the horse's hoof, on the ABT ABT 7 号 immersion, concentration of 30 × 10-6 ~ 50 × 10-6, soak for 3 to 12 hours will be followed by cuttings inserted in the matrix of sand on the seedbed. seedbed requirements of a meter wide, the length of suitable pressure depth of 3 to 5 branches cm row spacing 10cm × 8cm, then the fountain. seedbed on the scaffolding, shrouded with plastic sheeting, fountain 2 to 3 times daily, half a second after the fountain daily. Wen generally maintained 20 ~ 30 ℃, good strong light injection, 30 40 days can take root in this period, can be sprayed with brassinolide and other foliage head, and promote growth.
When the seedlings take root, the sophisticated management for busy long, and appropriate air and light hardening, an increase of anti- reversibility. hardening can be transplanted after the big seedbed.
seedlings generally grow in beds 2 to 3 years, growth hormone spray each time, careful management of the first leaf when the plant height 50 to 100 centimeters when the mountain forests can be planted into a film. planting time is late fall or the spring can be, spacing can be 3 m × 4 m, also in the streets, parks, tree planting as indecent tour.
( 3) transplanting
general nursery ovules 1 to 2 years, the pressure of a branch reproductive years, when the height to 30-50 cm long can be transplanted. transplanting 10 to 11 months or 2 to 3 months prior to bud, Zaimiao one per hole, watering, proper cover Meng.
3. drains acres Management
ovule after emergence, and often removal of weeds Every year l ~ 2 times dressing, the rainy season to prevent stagnant water to prevent rot. After setting Tan, cultivating, weeding two times each year, usually just after the winter woodland close cultivating, weeding, earthing up 5 times. for top dressing with cultivating, weeding, fertilizer source to lands and fertilizer, sprout saplings should be cut off period to ensure that the trunk straight, long fast.
1) before seedling seedling shade, overcast scaffolding must be good, shed 1.7 m. Mofu days, seedbed use shade.
2) pest control seedling after the rainy season, due to rain, air humidity, seedlings of susceptible bacteria and root rot and damping-off occurs, resulting in failure of all nursery. it is the anti-heavy, that seedling spray 800 times every 7 days or half the amount of thiophanate-style: Bordeaux mixture (0.5 sulfate, 0.5 pounds of lime, 100 kg of water) spray to the stems and leaves of seedlings back, foliar spraying.
3) cultivating, weeding, fertilizing the seedling growth period, the attention to weed cultivation, improve soil aeration premise weeding principles: In addition to small, in addition to early. seedling growth stage dressing, to nitrogen, phosphate-based, with 10% plus 0.4 pounds of lean into the feces and urine with the manufacture of ammonium nitrate, applied once every half mid-September stop facilities, and removed the shade net, scaffolding and then leave in the coming year .
4) transplanting seedlings planted as a result of uneven, resulting in too close too thin seedlings, in late May to mid-June, seedlings should be transplanted, between the thin close up. transplanting essentials as: Select transplanting rainy days or after the rain, moss shrouded good after leaching with water stump, transplanting.
4. picking harvest processing
cultivated yew generally in the first 3 can be harvested year after picking the appropriate branches. picking the fresh leaves can be harvested throughout the year, but according to the accumulation of the active ingredient content, as well sticks to twigs, leaves to old leaves as well. the best pick for their children in October harvest period. pick if not for post-harvest processing of fresh, dry air should be spread out in time, or dried.
five planting prospects
yew plants left over from the third century, is called plant kingdom for the “living fossil”, because of its scarce resources, is listed as the world's rare and protected species. yew set of medicinal, timber, indecent tours in one, with a high R & D of value from the yew tree skin and leaves extract of paclitaxel is the world's recognizedanticancer drug , 500 per kilogram price of $ 10 million. Taxol for treatment of advanced breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and head and neck cancer , soft tissue cancer and digestive tract cancer. yew branches for treatment of leukemia, nephritis, diabetes, and polycystic kidney disease. yew natural resources, shortage of drug sources, which are around them a wide range of research development. yew body is a treasure, is a yew tree, also known as the “golden tree” planting prospects. mature before pumping the premises may be appropriate development of China's distribution of the yew is divided into four species and one variety, that is, yew, Tibet yew, Taxus, China and the Chinese yew yew yew variants south in 1971, the first time, scholars from the United States of America a short bark of yew leaves isolated suffering to have anti-cancer active ingredient paclitaxel, Taxol was first reported in 1989 for the treatment of ovarian cancer was suffering from clinical success, thus raising the risk of altitude in the mountains rise sharply as the yew After chemical elucidation, China to Taxus paclitaxel content in the highest directory
basic information to start editing the value of the distribution of public opinion in this paragraph
basic information
Section Chinese name: Taxaceae
Ke Lading Name : Taxaceae
is a Chinese name: Taxus
kinds of Chinese name: Taxus
species Latin name: Taxus yunnanensis Cheng et LKFu
other common name: yew, the tree
national key protected wild plants grade Ⅰ (Administration Council August 4, 1999 approved)
Taxus four kinds of beans in China Cedar is one of the tall evergreen trees, lush foliage, vitality, plant up to over a thousand years old, by the local ethnic minorities as “sacred trees.” counties in Yunnan, Rob Wilson Township a yew tree height 72 m, diameter 202 cm, has 800 years old. generally up to 30 meters high, Hin Mu different strains of fruit 10 to 11 months, such as bean-shaped fruit, with aril red.
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to public opinion distribution
yew Taxus is a distribution center in Yunnan endemic area of the premises, mainly in western Yunnan Baoshan, Tengchong County, Yunnan northwest of Dali, Zhongdian, Lijiang, Weixi area. Chang was born in 2000 ~ 3500 meters above sea level sub-return mountain. slope habitats in the shade, half shade slope of Zhongshan, sub-alpine slope, valleys, streams cross the dark coniferous forest, Zhongshan mixed forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest scattered or block the growth of trees often become lower.
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value
chemical composition
level of Taxus are rare species in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province is a key protected species. bark contains paclitaxel, three other ingredients harringtonine scientists in recent years found that treatment of yew is more than the ingredients types of cancer and effective drugs; yew is the traditional national medicine, drugs used for its seeds, seeds with a small powder and sugar, edible aril.
Taxus Taxus in China The main species produced paclitaxel. basis over the years in the sample trees of Taxus paclitaxel and baccatin semi-synthetic materials (including 10 – deacetyl baccatin Ⅲ and baccatin Ⅲ) determination of data and with other Taxus species for more than force, indicating that these three kinds of Taxus is a high active ingredient content of trees in natural forests in the Taxus bark taxol 0.02% to a maximum of 0.0304%. small branches and leaves in the paclitaxel The average content of 0.0102 percent, up to 0.0217%, the total content of baccatin up to 0.0808% (bark), and 0.0845% (leaves), possess excellent industrial value. yew trees planted in Yunnan, and its medicines are not significantly reduced levels in the artificial tree roots appear to 0.0421% taxol and baccatin ~ 0.0460% 0.103% of the high content of samples containing, have reached the world's leading paclitaxel species Man in Asia (hybrid) yew and yew Taxus Europa Island baccatin pure and high concentration levels in the samples between the three active ingredients vary widely, up to several times to 17 times may be due to three aspects: (1) tree genetic differences; ⑵ affected by the environment; (3) sample modulation, storage and exposition in the determination of differences from three aspects of research and innovation, there is hope to improve the active ingredients of medicinal Taxus content.
application value
Taxus its excellent material, can be used for construction, furniture, appliances, and its extracts have anti-cancer effect of paclitaxel. is a timber, medicinal, green in one of the rare species In particular taxol content is much higher than other yew tree, Taxus adaptability to the environment, improve the ecological environment of the new century, setting the device display beautiful mountains and good economic tree species, while landscaping, indoor bonsai is also available in very expansive development prospects, the plate can be exported. pre-professionals speculated that this tree will be long-term best-selling, high efficiency, a prerequisite for China's growing around the premises cultivation, research and development prospects are expansive.
Man to yew
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1 belongs to subject 2 features 3 handy significance Edit this paragraph
1 belongs to subjects
Section Chinese name: Taxaceae
Ke Lading Name: Taxaceae
is a Chinese name: Taxus
kinds of Chinese name: Taxus
species Latin name: Taxus madia
Taxus is one of the yew, yew (genus Taxus mairei) during the fourth glacial relict plant, the world's rare and endangered species, in Ten global one, China's current total of four species and one variant of Taxus, Tibet, yew, yew, Taxus and south Chinese yew (variant). Taxus in China 20 years Introduced mid-1990s came from Canada. At the moment, Sichuan, Guangxi, resources, and Shandong have cultivated.
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2 features
Man in Asia yew (Taxus madia) originating in the United States of America, Canada, is a natural hybrid, his mother being the yew (T.cuspidata), male parent for the Europa Island yew (T.bauata), in the United States of America , growth and development in Canada for nearly 100 years of history. evergreen shrubs, huge biomass, growth time is short its main root obscure, lateral root development, lush foliage, the initiation of strong, low resistance cold, low temperature capability -25 ℃ In most parts of the country can be grown. grow fast, the annual growth measured 40 ~ 50cm, up to 60 ~ 70cm, is the yew (Chinese yew, Taxus etc.) 300 ~ 700% volume growth of 3 to 4 was born in biomass accumulation of 600 to 800 / plant-year, 5 years or more when the production of fresh raw materials, 1.5kg, paclitaxel can be used for refining to take the following year but also the initiation of new leaves, the biomass is greater than the first year picking harvest. the mid-nineties, our introduction to try to grow the Canadian yew trees in Sichuan, determined by the authority, introduction of the biological characteristics of Taxus unchanged, no hair Tragedy different paclitaxel concentration close to the origin, part of the content of the sample also higher than the origin of natural yew tree, Taxol is generally found in the bark, whole plant utilization rate. Taxus are the various parts of plants contain paclitaxel, foliage content of 0.03% or more, some up to root 0.06%, the whole plant is used to extract taxol, plant utilization high, the depth of the economic value of higher-processed composite. cultivation of Taxus breeding has been developed by that time more than 10 strains, which, Taxus media is the United States of America FDA approval can be used to extract “Taxol” is one of the yew 4 ~ 5 years old in the trees of Taxus and taxol content in the leaves of 70 to 80 years higher than the natural growth of the bark of the yew “taxol” content of wild yew species, including domestic, including yew, taxol is generally between 0.004 to 0.01%, Taxus paclitaxel content of 0.03 to 0.06%, is a natural yew 8 to 10 times, in our Most areas can be planted.
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3 handy significance
Taxus this introduction and domestication of rare plants successfully, will help protect the precious resources of wild yew, yew for this research opens up expansive prospects of gold plant it faster growth rate, adaptability to the environment, can be used to create soil and water conservation forests, water cultivation of forests, improve the ecological environment. In addition, evergreen yew, autumn fruit Hongyan, gives a healthy sense of fullness in the outside indecent, resistance to cutting, good shape, with a high horticultural value.
Tibet yew
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biological characteristics of the economic profile morphology handy edit this paragraph
Profile
Latin name of Taxus wallic Hello ana Zucc.
Chinese name Himalayan yew
La Dingke name Taxaceae
Chinese Family Name Taxaceae
Latin genus name Enpcontent
Chinese genus Taxus
national key protected wild plants grade Ⅰ (Administration Council August 4, 1999 approved)
also known as Himalayan yew Taxus Tibet, China four kinds of one variety of the yew is one of Tibet's unique species. The other three species and one variety are: Taxus, yew, Chinese yew, Taxus south (variant).
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morphology
Joe the evergreen or shrub, with branches to carry out or stretch upward; bark pale brown, fragmented into thin slices off; branchlets irregularly alternate, Lake green, light brown or reddish-brown after the change; winter buds ovoid, bud scales imbricate, usually the base of the bud scales triangular-shaped oval, apex acute, with a bit of the back ridge, or a few places off base stored in the twig leaves spiral of health, irregular two, linear, usually straight, Kl.5 a 3.5 cm, width 2.5 mm, with the rise of the sharp pointed tip, top, light green, the veins bulge, below the edge of a more green 2 times the bandwidth with a honey-colored holes; a short handle. Hin Mu different strains, ball flowers solitary and axillary; male cone, spherical, spiral set them with the majority of the stamens, with short stems; few sessile female cones, the top students a disk-shaped beads with care ovules, around the base locate several pieces of imbricate bracts. ovule when mature, nuts-shaped, cylindrical-oblong, born in flesh, red, cup-shaped aril, by about 6.5 mm, diameter of 4.5-5 mm, slightly flat, lower part of the bilateral blunt ridge, apex with a short tip, oval hilum.
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Biology
distribution of the climate unique in the winter and cool summer temperatures, four distinct seasons, winter snow shrouded, the annual average temperature about 10 ℃, the highest temperature 16 a 18 ℃, the temperature 0 ℃, annual precipitation Club 800 a 1000 mm, in The average relative humidity of 50 to 60%. can be cold, and there is a strong shade tolerance, growing require adequate temperature, many born in the valley and gutter more humid sections of the forest, the main tribal species of Pinus griffit Qiao Hello i McClelland, Himalayan longleaf pine P.roxburg Hello i Sarg., Himalayan Hemlock Tsuga dumosa (D. Don) Eichler and Quercus Quercus semicarpifolia Smith. etc. flowering in May, September-October ovules mature
with ovules reproductive. embryo dormancy period is longer, after collecting the seeds of plants under low temperature must be laminated wet sand storage, spring planting, budding period may be extended to the second year. with the pressure method can also branch
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